Modeling of hardness and welding residual stress in Type 316 stainless steel components for the assessment of stress corrosion cracking

Li, S.; 山口 義仁; 勝山 仁哉; Li, Y.; Deng, D.*

Proceedings of ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP 2023) (Internet), 7 Pages, 2023/07

https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2023-103449

In this work, a framework was proposed on the comprehensive assessment of hardness and welding residual stress in Type 316 austenitic stainless steel welded joints. Firstly, an 8-pass butt-welded joint made of Type 316 stainless steel was fabricated. Finite element analysis of the welded joint was performed to investigate hardness and welding residual stress distributions. The grain growth model was developed for the hardness prediction. The Chaboche combined isotropic-kinematic strain hardening model and time-temperature dependent annealing model were adopted. The relationships between the Vickers hardness and the uniaxial plastic strain as well as grain size were collected from published literatures. The simulation results of the grain size and accumulated equivalent plastic strain were used for the hardness prediction of the welded joint. The predicted hardness was compared with the experimental data of hardness mapping. The distribution of welding residual stress on the outer surface of the welded pipe was measured by using the X-ray diffraction method and strain gauge method, respectively. The predicted welding residual stresses were compared with the measurements. The results obtained showed that the developed numerical approach can predict the hardness and welding residual stress of Type 316 stainless steel welded joints with satisfactory accuracy. The effects of structural constraint and heat input on the hardness and welding residual stress will be investigated as further works, as described in the proposed framework.

パルス中性子応力測定法による超音波衝撃処理した十字溶接継手の残留応力評価

鈴木 環輝*; 大川 鉄平*; Harjo, S.; 佐々木 敏彦*

日本機械学会論文集(インターネット), 87(894), p.20-00377_1 - 20-00377_15, 2021/02

https://doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.20-00377

The residual stress state inside the cruciform welded joints were measured using the pulsed neutron stress measurement method. The points of interest in this study are the weld toe and its interior. We also compared the cases with and without ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT), which is expected as a fatigue strength improvement technology. Furthermore, the case where tensile stress or compressive stress was applied after UIT treatment was also examined. The applied stresses at this time were 75% or 85% of the yield point, respectively. From the above, we considered the cause of the change in the residual stress on the surface after UIT treatment, which was clarified in the preliminary experiment, in the early stage of fatigue. As a result, the load after the UIT treatment caused plastic deformation in a part of the inside, which caused the redistribution of residual stress.

In-situ residual stress analysis during thermal cycle of a dissimilar weld joint using neutron diffraction and IEFEM

秋田 貢一; 柴原 正和*; 生島 一樹*; 西川 聡*; 古川 敬*; 鈴木 裕士; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; Vladimir, L.*

溶接学会論文集(インターネット), 35(2), p.112s - 116s, 2017/06

Residual stresses near the weld metal of the joints before and after a thermal cycle were measured using a reactor based neutron diffraction technique in room temperature. In-situ residual stress measurements were performed on the plate type sample using a pulsed neutron diffraction technique under thermal cycles. Residual stress behaviors of the samples were examined also by the idealized explicit FEM (IEFEM), which agreed well with the experimental results of the residual stress behaviors during thermal cycles. Thermal stresses were induced near the weld metal by the difference of the linear expansion coefficients of the dissimilar base metals. Since the thermal stress exceeded the yield stress of the material during the first heating process, the residual stresses near the weld metal were redistributed and a part of the residual stress was relaxed.

中性子回折法による高張力鋼突合せ溶接材の残留応力評価

鈴木 裕士; Holden, T. M.*; 盛合 敦; 皆川 宣明*; 森井 幸生

材料, 54(7), p.685 - 691, 2005/07

https://doi.org/10.2472/jsms.54.685

本研究では、高張力鋼の一つであるNi-Cr鋼を用いて製作したX開先突合せ溶接試験片の残留応力分布を中性子回折法により測定し、残留応力発生メカニズムを検討した。始めに、無ひずみ状態における格子定数を測定するために、溶接試験片から幾つかの小片試料を切り出した。小片試料を用いて格子定数を測定した結果、溶接過程において生じたマルテンサイト変態などの相変態が影響して、溶接部近傍で格子定数の増加が認められた。次に、Fe110, Fe200, Fe211の三種類の回折により溶接試験片の残留応力分布を測定した。塑性ひずみの影響が無いために、それぞれの回折により評価した残留応力分布はほとんど同様な傾向を示していた。また、溶接部近傍における残留応力はNi-Cr鋼の降伏強さの半分程度の引張残留応力であった。高張力鋼では軟鋼と比べて相変態による膨張量が大きいこと、また、引張残留応力がかなり低い温度となってから発生し始めるために、残留応力が降伏応力に至らなかったと考えられる。したがって、高張力鋼の中性子応力評価では、塑性ひずみの発生を考慮する必要の無いことを確認した。

福島第二原子力発電所2号機シュラウドサンプル(2F2-H3)に関する調査報告書(受託研究)

シュラウド・再循環系配管サンプル調査チーム; 中島 甫*; 柴田 勝之; 塚田 隆; 鈴木 雅秀; 木内 清; 加治 芳行; 菊地 正彦; 上野 文義; 中野 純一; et al.

JAERI-Tech 2004-015, 114 Pages, 2004/03

JAERI-Tech-2004-015.pdf:38.06MB

東京電力(株)福島第二原子力発電所2号機においては、原子力安全・保安院の指示によりシュラウド溶接部の目視点検を実施し、炉心シュラウド中間胴/中間部リング溶接線H3外面にひび割れを発見した。本調査は、東京電力(株)が日本核燃料開発(株)にて実施するき裂を含む材料サンプルの調査・評価に関して、原研が第三者機関として調査計画の策定段階から加わり、調査中には随時試験データの評価や試験現場への立会を実施し、最終的に得られた調査データを入手し原研独自の調査報告書を作成することにより、調査の透明性を確保することを目的として実施した。本調査の結果と溶接により発生する引張残留応力及び炉水中の比較的高い溶存酸素濃度を考慮すると、このき裂は応力腐食割れ(SCC)であると考えられる。応力腐食割れの発生原因については、さらに施工法の調査などを行い検討する必要がある。

Effect of annealing models on the welding-induced residual stress and plastic strain in Type 316 stainless steel welded joints

Li, S.; 山口 義仁; 勝山 仁哉; Sun, W.*; Deng, D.*; Li, Y.

no journal, , 

Many flaws due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) have been reported in the heat affected zone of austenitic stainless steel welded joints in nuclear power plants. High tensile residual stresses and hardness induced by the welding process may affect the initiation and propagation of SCC. During the welding thermal cycles, the accumulated strain hardening can be reduced or eliminated below the melting point due to the dynamic recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth of the material, which is known as the annealing effect. Different annealing models were proposed including the single-stage and two-stage annealing models, which are temperature dependent models to eliminate the accumulated strain hardening in one or two steps, and dynamic annealing models, in which the time-temperature dependent annealing effect can be considered. In this study, numerical investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of different annealing models on the distributions of welding residual stress and accumulated plastic strain. Two butt-welded joints of Type 316 stainless steel were fabricated. The welding residual stresses of the two welded joints were measured using the neutron diffraction method and sectioning method, respectively. Two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed based on Abaqus platform. Chaboche combined isotropic-kinematic strain hardening model was used. The simulation results of welding residual stresses were compared with measurements. The results obtained have shown that the annealing effect can significantly influence the formation of the accumulated plastic strain and residual stresses in Type 316 stainless steel welded joints. The residual stresses will be overestimated if the annealing effect is neglected, or a relatively high value of the annealing temperature is used. The annealing model plays a major role in determining the magnitude of the accumulated plastic strain in the welding simulation.